Welcome to edition #19 of FX & Macro Weekly.
This newsletter is quite long, so there's a Summary section at the top. Everything you find there is derived from data and news I show in detail in the second and third parts of the newsletter (Week in Review and Market Analysis). I encourage you to go through those parts because they are basically the reasoning behind the conclusions I present in the Summary. The final section is a collection of things I read during the week that influence my thinking.
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Now let's get started…
Table of Contents
Summary (Playbook, Calendar, Levels)
Summary
Playbook for next week
This is the shortest possible summary of everything you will find in the rest of this newsletter.
I’m going to cut it short this time:
The market still isn’t doing what everybody seems to be hoping for: coming down.
Everybody hates the rally, and I include myself there.
I don’t see underlying weakness in the market or a clear catalyst why we should be heading straight back to lows.
I’m still not married to my opinion on what’s going on.
Relevant market risks I have on my radar (it's obviously not a comprehensive list and mostly unchanged from last week):
Europe: huge uncertainty regarding the future of gas flows from Russia; an unexpected resolution of the conflict seems very unlikely, but it could escalate on multiple fronts (gas, energy, militarily) very quickly
UK: I don't have a clear idea about the impact of the Tory leadership race yet (potential for negative impact on the sterling is there given the comments from Liz Truss), the Northern Ireland protocol remains unresolved
Global markets: the risk from commodity market squeezes spilling over seems to have diminished a bit
China/Taiwan: keeping an eye on the Taiwanese stock market as a risk gauge
Economic Calendar for next week
Important levels to watch and look out for in the Majors
Week in Review
Central Banks
RBA Meeting Minutes (16.08.)
AUD was up on the minutes. Here are some relevant points (link to full text):
RBNZ Rate Decision (17.08.)
The RBNZ hiked the cash rate by 50 bps as expected to 3.00%. NZD was initially up but sold off subsequently after the release. Here are the main points from the statement and the difftext below (link to full text):
CPI remains too high, labour resources remain scarce
The global growth outlook is weakening, but domestic spending in New Zealand has remained resilient
Monetary policy needs to continue to tighten until committee members are confident it will bring inflation back to the 1-3% target range.
From the Summary Record:
The Committee is resolute in its commitment to ensuring CPI returns to the 1 to 3 per cent target range.
House prices have steadily dropped from high levels since November last year, and are expected to keep falling over the coming year towards more sustainable levels.
The Committee agreed that further increases in the OCR were required in order to meet their Remit objectives, and discussed the appropriate pace at which to raise rates. The Committee discussed whether more rapid increases could improve the credibility of the inflation target and reduce the risk of a significant increase in inflation expectations. However, the Committee agreed that maintaining the recent pace of tightening remains the best means by which to meet their Remit.
The Committee noted that a number of central banks had increased interest rates by more than 50 basis points recently, but that most of these countries had started increasing interest rates later than New Zealand did and were often starting at a lower level of interest rates.
From the Monetary Policy Statement:
The projections for the OCR have been revised upward:
FOMC Meeting Minutes (17.08)
There were no hawkish surprises in the July Minutes, USD was sharply lower on the release:
They mention a risk that the FOMC might be over-tightening due to fluid economic backdrop and lags in policy transmission
On the other hand: some participants think rates have to remain above neutral for “some time”
Asset valuations have eased from elevated levels (with the dovish connotation that the Fed could be near-done on this front)
Relevant points (link to full text):
Confab, Speakers, News
Federal Reserve
Bowman (Neutral). Wed: Labour market is strong, high inflation could bring workers back to the workforce, future of labour supply is uncertain.
Daly (Neutral). Thu: 50 bps or 75 bps are reasonable for the September meeting, rates need to get a little over 3% by year-end. Markets have a lack of understanding that rates won't go down right after they've gone up, doesn't have a hump-shaped rate path on her mind. Way too early to declare victory on inflation, but doesn't want to overtighten and do more than necessary.
Kashkari (Dove). Thu: Have more work to do to bring inflation down, need to get it down urgently. Doesn't know whether the Fed can avoid a recession, economic fundamentals are strong, labour supply is fixed, need to get demand down. Fed has looked at yield curve control but not obvious that benefits outweigh costs.
George (Dove). Thu: Latest CPI was encouraging but too early for a victory lap, Fed has to be completely convinced inflation is coming down before stopping to raise rates, easing in financial conditions does not reflect how the Fed is thinking about policy.
Bullard (Hawk). Thu: Considering supporting another 75 bps hike in September, important to get rates to 3.75-4.00% by year-end, market speculation of rate cuts is definitely premature, Fed has a long way to go to get inflation back down, the idea that inflation has peaked is hope, expects high inflation to be more persistent. Growth will be stronger in H2.
Barkin (Hawk). Fri: Will take rates to restrictive levels but will take a signal from economy how high or low that has to be, no decision yet on size of September hike, Fed will do what it takes to get inflation back down to target.
European Central Bank
Schnabel (Neutral). Thu: ECB outlook on inflation has not changed, inflation concerns have not been alleviated and a number of indicators point to risk of expectations unanchoring. Growth is slowing, technical recession possible.
Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Orr. Thu: Monetary policy at times was overly loose. There is and will be stress in many households. Fri: Wants the OCR clearly above neutral. Diverse opinions on where the RBNZ should set interest rates suggests that we're close to the point where next decision will be hard to make. Monetary policy settings close to where they need to be because of diversity of opinions over the size of required rate rises.
Bank of Canada
Macklem. Tue: Inflation may have peaked but remains far too high, will likely remain high for some time. Determined to bring inflation back down, job won't be done until it is back at 2% target.
Economic Data
Monday, 15.08.22
The PBOC cut their 1-year Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) by 10 bps to 2.75%, presumably in response to the weak data
The Empire State Manufacturing Survey made quite a few headlines because it was such a negative surprise:
Business activity declined sharply in New York State, according to firms responding to the August 2022 Empire State Manufacturing Survey. The headline general business conditions index plummeted forty-two points to -31.3. New orders and shipments plunged, and unfilled orders declined. Delivery times held steady for the first time in nearly two years, and inventories edged higher. Labor market indicators pointed to a small increase in employment, but a decline in the average workweek. While still elevated, the prices paid index moved lower, and the prices received index held steady. Looking ahead, firms did not expect much improvement in business conditions over the next six months.
Here's what the chart looks like:
Tuesday, 16.08.22
The RBA Meeting Minutes are covered in the section above.
The Canadian headline CPI printed in line, but the Common and Median metrics surprised to the upside, which explains the strength of the CAD.
Wednesday, 17.08.22
The FOMC Meeting Minutes have been covered above.
Thursday, 18.08.22
Friday, 19.08.22
Market Analysis
Growth and Inflation
Atlanta Fed GDPNow has moved down to 1.8%.
The NY Fed Weekly Economic Index estimates four-quarter GDP growth at 2.97%:
Citi Economic Surprise Indexes:
USD, GBP and JPY continue to move up
EUR has stalled, AUD isn’t going anywhere either
CAD continues to trend lower
CHF has rolled over
Global PMIs remain unchanged from last week:
Eurozone and Canada are weakening
US, UK, Australia, and Japan remain unchanged
Taiwan has deteriorated markedly, China and South Korea are weaker as well
Overall there’s a lot more red now than during the previous months
5y5y forward inflation expectation swaps trade have traded up a bit but remain within their range:
RINF looks similar:
Citi Inflation Surprise Indexes haven’t updated yet:
Yields
See chart and table below:
GBP is the strongest, EUR and USD yields are up as well
NZD, CAD and CHF are weak
Yield curves at the 2s10s spread have now also become inverted in the UK driven by a >65 bps move in 2s in August:
Central Banks
There hasn’t been a lot of change in the FOMC meeting probabilities according to FedWatch, but there are still more than 30 days to go:
59% probability of a 50 bps move vs. 41% for a 75 bps hike
The November meeting is priced with a 50 bps move, December with a 25 bps hike
After that, the market assumes the FFR will be held constant
That’s pretty much what we’ve been hearing from Fed speakers now: hike-and-hold rather than hike-and-ease.
Short-term interest rates continue to price fewer and fewer rate cuts for next year:
Sectors and Flows
Currency strength on a 1-month horizon:
CHF and JPY are the outperformers
EUR and GBP are underperforming
This week has seen flows out of JPY, CHF and CAD, and flows into AUD and USD according to BNY Mellon iFlow:
Equity sectors are very, very mixed again (1-month timeframe):
Oil/Gas and Metals/Mining are leading, Energy (XLE) somewhere near the top
Utilities (XLU) and Consumer Discretionary (XLY) are both strong
Growth outperforming Value again (VUG vs. VTV)
Consumer Staples (XLP) and Healthcare (XLV) at the bottom
The more reflationary sector performance has taken some hits and things have become a bit confusing.
It’s also a pretty mixed bag on the following chart. This week has been on the defensive side, but over one month things are a lot less clear:
Sector charts (2 months) aren’t looking bearish at all:
International stock markets: Brazil has been outperforming hard, and the Hang Seng is still the only index underwater on a 1-month horizon.
Sentiment and Positioning
The AAII Bull-Bear spread is back to neutral levels around zero again:
Currency sentiment:
CAD and CHF still have the most bearish sentiment
Sentiment on USD is bearish as well
There’s an interesting divergence between AUD and NZD with traders being bullish on NZD and bearish on AUD… this supports an AUDNZD long
Different sentiment data:
EURCHF with bullish sentiment
USD pairs with bearish sentiment on the dollar
Every JPY pair is bullish on JPY sentiment-wise
Commitment of Traders:
Equity index futures suffered a bit this week, but they remain above their 26-week moving averages (Levy Relative Strength >1)
Commercials and Large Trader net positioning in ES and RTY is still very bullish
VIX futures also have pretty bullish positioning behind them (bullish in the sense that VIX goes up)
Performance of treasury futures is negative across the board. Positioning is often hard to interpret with vastly different results in similar futures (ZB and UB, for example). Still, Commercials and Large Traders positioning is at or near bullish extremes in the short end and the long end of the curve.
All currencies are negative against the strong dollar, and the DXY is the only FX future with an RSL >1.
Energy futures have seen mixed performance, crude oil remains very weak with an RSL of just 0.91 and weakening. Positioning in crude has been very bullish for weeks, but COT is not a timing tool.
Ags are mixed and mostly negative with the notable exception of cotton.
COT/TFF data hasn’t changed much:
EUR is just a tad below its 104-week high in Dealer net positioning
JPY Dealer net hasn’t moved much, and it remains somewhere near its neutral range
Citi PAIN indexes remain mostly unchanged: stretched long USD position vs. the other G8 currencies, the short in GBP has been reduced, CHF positioning is still the most negative (for whatever reason).
Market Risks
High-yield spreads have come down further while IG spreads just won’t move:
Credit Spread Index also heading lower:
Currency volatility has picked up again:
The VIX term structure has flattened and there’s a large premium in the front month compared to spot VIX. There’s still plenty of time until VX1 expires for the two to converge.
MOVE has picked up a bit and VVIX isn’t moving lower… or rather VIX hasn’t moved higher:
The correlation between VIX and VVIX has become more negative. As I’ve written last week, this tends to lead to a pop higher in VIX when it normalizes back to positive.
CNN Fear & Greed Index remains neutral:
Various
Market breadth remains strong: the NYSE Advance/Decline line tracks price, there’s no divergence yet.
The number of index components above their 100-day moving averages has rebounded sharply and isn’t going back down so far, which is usually a sign of a major low.
But there are clouds on the horizon: XLF/XLU, SLV/GLD and the Korean Won still aren’t buying this rally. Copper/Gold remains weak. The only confirmation comes from LQD/TLT, which has been behaving weirdly for months now:
25-delta risk reversals:
AUD and NZD have sold off but their risk reversals aren’t following
The JPY risk reversal has moved higher again, so the options market believes that the USDJPY has made a bottom
Other Stuff I've been looking at
The latest rally has been the third largest hedge fund short-covering event since 2013:
End of summer, end of rally?
Chinese real estate market remains under pressure:
Global drivers of the global neutral rate:
The FreightWaves National Truckload Index is deteriorating further due to lack of demand:
Corporate insiders are buying:
US homebuilder sentiment has turned negative:
Links to relevant central bank releases in previous editions of this newsletter:
Fed
FOMC Statements: 31/2022
FOMC Meeting Minutes: 28/2022 | 25/2022
ECB
Rate Statement 30/2022
Meeting Minutes: 28/2022 | 21/2022
Economic Forecasts: 21/2022
BOE
Rate Statement: 32/2022 | 25/2022
Financial Stability Reports: 28/2022
RBA
Rate Statements: 32/2022 | 28/2022
Meeting Minutes: 30/2022 | 26/2022 | 21/2022
Statement on Monetary Policy 32/2022
SNB
Rate Statements: 25/2022
BOJ
Rate Statement: 30/2022 | 25/2022
Rate Summary of Opinions: 31/2022
Photo by Nathan Dumlao on Unsplash
Excelent work!!
As usual, the work is much appreciated.